During development, Mattel hired a former rocket scientist and engineer to solve the doll’s complex challenges. They worked tirelessly to patent a 3D model that could be mass-produced.
The next challenge was designing intricate and miniature-sized outfits. Charlotte Johnson, an accomplished New York fashion designer and instructor, was the solution. Mattel flew her to Tokyo, where she spent two years setting up a fashion studio and working with manufacturers. Charlotte designed the first 22 outfits and trained her team to sew tiny clothes with precision. After years in the making, Barbie was finally ready.
On March 9, 1959, Barbie debuted at the New York Toy Fair. She was met with skepticism from toy buyers who did not think she would sell. Nevertheless, Mattel continued to pitch Barbie —through newspapers, magazines, and commercials on the Mickey Mouse Show. Sales were slow over the spring but, when school got out, everything changed. Barbie began flying off the shelves. Ruth’s instincts were right—Barbie was a sensation, here to stay.
Did You Know?
Ruth named the doll “Barbie” after her daughter, Barbara Handler, and Ken after her son, Kenneth Handler.